CHCDIV002 Promote the Aboriginal and Torres Islander Cultural Safety

Formative Assessments

ACTIVITY 1

1. The health and the community organizations must be aware of the cultural factors impacting their services and especially when it is for the Australian Indigenous cultures including the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The organization must be keen to identify and access how the cultural factors may impact on the organization all the more as Australia is land to variety of cultures (Moule, 2012). The health and the service organizations must involve in the close observation of the culture and the practices of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and must involve in the researching about their culture and practices including the dreamtime stories, languages spoken, health status of the community, festivals, books, rituals followed by the community, art forms and music etc (Witte, 2010).

CHCDIV002 Promote the Aboriginal and Torres Islander Cultural Safety The organization may involve in collaborative trust based and respectful relationships with the people of the community through showing due respect for their culture and involving them in the events in the organization or putting up displays of their art forms and flags at the premises (Gough, 2011). These organizations can call up community members for interactions as the elders from the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community as they are given high regard in their cultures and may involve in having sound involvement of these members in the planning and development of the service provisions suiting to their community in order to allow higher engagement of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with the organization (Staton et al, 2009).

Also the researching may include the collection of the data about the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and their community from the government and other organizations as through having census of their population, record of health status of the community, etc (Morton et al 2015). This research in to the cultural develop factors may help in the design of the service provisions in accordance with the needs of the individuals in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community.

2. The cultural realities may include the following as:

a. Discriminations

b. Poor health (Moule, 2012)

c. Feelings of grievance and losses among the indigenous people

d. Kinship ties and families

e. Differences in traditions

f. Overrepresentations of these community people in the custody

g. Living conditions and physical environment of various groups

h. Present feelings (Greg et al, 2012)

i. Need for education

j. Aspiration and other differences among the various indigenous groups

k. Death rituals (Gough, 2011)

l. Religious conceptions

3. The strategies that may be implemented to address the cultural factors impacting the delivery of services are:

a. Patient services as per their cultures

b. Adapting the reception or other services in local languages (Morton et al 2015)

c. Services must cater the needs for privacy and providing protection to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander or indigenous people

d. Non threatening screening procedures

e. Providing advisory service (Greg et al, 2012)

f. Promotion of culturally safe environment

g. Collaborative partnerships with elders in community

h. Provision of resources like dialysis for the kidney failures (Moule, 2012)

ACTIVITY 2

1. The workplace relationships with the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander coworkers include the lack of appreciation from the other workers about the historical losses, discriminatory behaviors and grievance faced by these people (Gough, 2011). The members of other community or non indigenous staff are not able to understand the plight that had been faced and is still being faced by the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and its impact on their access to health services in community, gaining of employment in the organizations, education and other services in community (Witte, 2010).

Also the organizations that show the occurrence of the culturally safe environment for the Australian Indigenous people and promoting their participations are very few thus there is a lack of the culturally appropriate services (Staton et al, 2009). The organizations must allow the training to both the indigenous and non indigenous employees in order to allow the environment that is not only culturally safe but pays due respect to various cultures including the culture of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The staff must learn to accept and value the importance of having culturally diverse employees in modern global organizations (Greg et al, 2012).

Apart from this, the organizations may involve in welcoming the people from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities by having them in existing staff while also allowing support to the management of health and nutritional issues of these indigenous communities. The social needs of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people including the family needs, education, etc and the economic needs including the self sustainable nature of employment in an environment that is culturally safe for these people must be promoted at workplace (Moule, 2012). The service providing and other organizations must focus on bridging the gap between the indigenous and other staff as well.

2. Community or the health service provider organizations may build effective relationships with the indigenous groups and individuals through use of strategies like:

a. Encouragement of self determination in them

b. Showing respect for their cultures

c. Involving them in delivery of service

d. Making use of interpreters (Gough, 2011)

e. Not making them feel ashamed

f. Making negotiations in a manner that is acceptable in their cultures

g. Following questioning protocols

h. Sharing understandable information

i. Having knowledge about their language (Moule, 2012)

ACTIVITY 3

1. The Cultural safety implies that the environment allow the people to have their own cultural beliefs and practices without any interference while also respecting and nurturing the uniqueness of the one’s cultural identity (Moule, 2012). It is commonly seen that the indigenous or the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people may feel isolated as being a part of the minority groups due to dominant nature of the cultural environment. For the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people particularly this experience is very challenging as already they are having issues due to their history thus the various education and care services, etc must involve in development of an environment that is cultural friendly and do not offend the cultural practices of any cultural group including the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (Greg et al, 2012).

Cultural safety means that the service must not act in such a manner or say something that make a person or client from a particular cultural group ashamed or defamed and must make use of the language and the attitudes that pay due respect to the culturally diverse groups (Greg et al, 2012). Also the services must help the client in seeking care based on their cultural preferences through respecting and building positive relationships with them. The client or the people must feel safe in reflecting upon their culture and its practices as through the development of the culturally competent environment and services (Gough, 2011).

The service providers must show due concern to the indigenous people that their needs will be accepted and well accessed by the services and it must involve in increasing the participation from these communities through demonstrating respect to their cultures. In order to develop respectful relationships with clients, workers and individuals from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community, the organization must

a. Demonstrate their knowledge and concern about their past (Morton et al 2015)

b. Showing acceptance to their rituals, customs, etc. (Witte, 2010)

c. Provide the cultural competency training to the employees

d. Developing collaboration with these communities

e. Respect the differences and promote equality for all cultures specially Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander with disadvantaged position (Moule, 2012)

f. Developing a culturally safe and friendly environment at workplace

2. The communication strategies for a culturally safe environment may be:

a. Avoiding questioning or communication that leads to shame feeling

b. Respecting their privacy (Gough, 2011)

c. Learning their culture and language

d. Making use of cultural brokers and interpreters

e. Being honest (Morton et al 2015)

f. Making use of language that is understood by the relevant community members to which client belong

g. Not allowing humor in communication as may be inappropriate

h. Communicating as per protocols and cultural customs

i. Respecting the differences among the community members

3. Cultural competence is the capability of the individual to have knowledge and sense of awareness about own culture and its nature. It is the ability to understand that the truth and knowledge are merely artifacts and the same goes for each and every individual as well (Gough, 2011).

In order to be culturally competent, the person must be aware of one’s culture and this impacts their understanding of the health and other perspectives of the community. Also a culturally competent person must be capable of identifying that how the particular community and its members perceive the disabilities health issues, ageing process, youth life, etc (Staton et al, 2009). This cultural competence needs the individual or organization to be aware of the shame associated with the use of the language and communication patterns in particular community. The person must be aware of how the community wishes or needs the service providers to act like or what are their cultural beliefs about particular services.

By having culturally competent workforce, the employees must be capable of keeping their biases to one side while providing the services to them in an environment that is culturally safe and also understands their cultural and personal needs (Morton et al 2015). Integration of the cultural safety in the own workplace is very important as it helps in allowing an environment where all the stakeholders feel free to reflect on their own cultures and practice their own cultural beliefs thus providing a safe and secure environment for members of all the cultures.

ACTIVITY 4

1. It is necessary for the heath service staff to demonstrate the knowledge of the various cultures, languages, etc along with the religions and other practices in the various indigenous groups so as to show the concern and the understanding of the client needs (Moule, 2012). As the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people since the entry of the Anglo European colonizers in Australia had to suffer due to colonization, brutalities and the discrimination against their culture thus they still have the feelings of loss and grief due to their history. This makes the needs of the indigenous people somewhat different from others thus the various service providers must demonstrate the understanding of their culture, history and needs in order to allow the satisfaction of their needs. They must demonstrate respect for the differences in the diverse cultural groups including the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, their kinship ties, cultural practices, etc in order to assess their needs in better manner (Witte, 2010).

The providers of the various services need to take in to account the development of the awareness about the self cultural biases and work towards it. The organizations must involve in the assessment of the own cultural views as being an influential factor in the interaction with the clients and others stakeholders from the different cultures. This will help the organization in understanding and respecting of the differences among the various cultures and this will have a huge impact of their public image and the level of the engagement with the various community people (Morton et al 2015). Through allowing the cultural training to the staff these organizations such as the health services providers can be benefitted through gaining a clarity on the own cultural constructs and the other cultures in the vicinity. As the Australia and almost every nation is home to people from various cultures thus the organizations and staff must work towards respecting the diversity and development of the policies and strategies to increase their level of engagement with the community members. Also the work practices must be based on the grounds of understanding and being aware of the self view of the own culture and other cultures as including the culture of the clients who will be using the services of the respective organization (Monroe, 2016).

2. The staff in the health and other such community service providing organization must involve in the cross cultural trainings through enrolment with the educational organizations that provide such trainings and include TAFE, Registered Training providers, etc apart from the private training provider agencies that help the cross cultural competence of staff.Such training is supposed to address the various issues as related to the following:

a. Preference on food

b. Time concepts

c. Rituals related to birth (Gough, 2011)

d. Care concepts

e. Management of child care

f. Religions practices (Greg et al, 2012)

g. Attitude to nudity

h. Death and associated rituals

i. Privacy concepts

j. Rehabilitation

k. Disability

l. Information sharing etc (Moule, 2012)

Provision of cross cultural training help the individual in being aware of the own culture, view of the other cultures across and the bias, which most not be affecting the quality of the services provided to individuals from varying backgrounds at the organization (Staton et al 2009). This will also help them in understanding the common things and the differences with the people with whom they may interact thus benefitting the understanding of people from other cultures and making the whole interaction more sensible. This will help development of the policies and strategies that allow efficient working in a cross cultural scenario.

ACTIVITY 5

1. The identification of the communication issues may be based on the observation and the understanding of the individuals from a particular community and their cultural practices, customs, language, etc. Also the consultation with the community members such as elders particularly in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities may help in understanding of communication issues (Morton et al 2015). As the multicultural communication is based on the knowledge of the communicators about other’s cultures and their willingness to identify the possible issues with communication. As the education service provider need to interact with children and families coming from diverse background thus the educators must make use of the interpreters rather than allowing miscommunications and this is made possible by educator by analyzing root issues pr problems in communication (Greg et al, 2012).

The communication barriers with the parents and children from different culture can be removed by the educator or the organization as through involving in cross cultural trainings. This will help the educators and organization to plan education as per the specific culture and needs of the children and families from a particular culture. This help in maintenance of good and collaborative relationships with the members of the community as in case of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and ensuring their participation and engagement.

2. In order to maintain effective relationships with the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, following issues need to be addressed as:

a. Language use (Moule, 2012)

b. Humor

c. Trust building

d. Comfort level

e. Education

f. Disclosing information (Gough, 2011)

g. Health

h. Body language

i. History and past experience

j. Formalities

k. Use of slangs

l. Justice and crime

m. Customary practices in communication (Witte, 2010)

ACTIVITY 6

The benefits of engaging the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander interpreters and cultural brokers are various as allowing the confidence to the current and prospective clients that the organization is duly committed to identification of their needs in accurate manner while also allowing the culturally safe environment to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

This will help any organization as through training interpreters and brokers in gaining support of the community of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people while also showing respect for this community. This will help in increasing the level of engagement of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with the organization (Morton et al 2015). By training the members of staff to act as brokers, the organization is capable of having highly culturally competent staff and agencies associated. Also this will be beneficial to the indigenous people as they may gain referrals for other services available for their community and the organization can gain access to better information through connecting with their community thus benefitting both the parties.

ACTIVITY 7

The various resources that will help the organizations linked to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people may include the following:

a. Council of Aboriginal Reconciliation (Gough, 2011)

b. Australian Indigenous health services

c. Commonwealth department for health

d. Electronic networks allowing sharing of knowledge about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people

e. Language related services (Moule, 2012)

f. Community websites providing information about the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people

g. Cultural awareness services

h. Office for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health

i. Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander website

j. Australian indigenous health Information network (Morton et al 2015)

ACTIVITY 8

It is commonly seen that the indigenous or the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people may feel isolated as being a part of the minority groups due to dominant nature of the cultural environment (Gough, 2011). For the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people particularly this experience is very challenging as already they are having issues due to their history thus the various education and care services, etc must involve in development of an environment that is cultural friendly and do not offend the cultural practices of any cultural group including the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (Moule, 2012). The Cultural safety implies that the environment allow the people to have their own cultural beliefs and practices without any interference while also respecting and nurturing the uniqueness of the one’s cultural identity.

Cultural safety means that the service must not act in such a manner or say something that make a person or client from a particular cultural group ashamed or defamed and must make use of the language and the attitudes that pay due respect to the culturally diverse groups. Also the services must help the client in seeking care based on their cultural preferences through respecting and building positive relationships with them (Morton et al 2015). The client or the people must feel safe in reflecting upon their culture and its practices as through the development of the culturally competent environment and services.

ACTIVITY 9

Self determination is associated with the rights of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people mainly who are indigenous to Australia. The concept of self determination applies to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in Australia as they must be allowed the equal rights and controlling of their life as the other or non indigenous people have here (Moule, 2012). Though the governments at Australia had been developing measures for improving of self determination among the Australians but they failed by not involving the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander in planning of provisions. The self determination of these indigenous people can only be attained through encouraging these people to be responsible for self well being, governance and determination.

In order to promote the self determination of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, the various strategies may be used such as:

1. Allowing the controlling power of the health services and other programs

2. Cross cultural and competencies training among the employees of the service organizations to allow respect to indigenous cultures

3. Allowing services in the indigenous languages

4. Allowing the access to funding and employment opportunities as to the non indigenous people (Gough, 2011)

The various initiatives of the Government related to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and their communities must be enforced and supported by various health based, education and other community service providers (Monroe, 2016). The government should set up a team in order to follow up if the organizations or service providers are capable of meeting the desired goals in rendering the services to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and how far are their self determination needs being actually promoted in the society.

ACTIVITY 10

The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander or the indigenous people must be consulted and their needs must be determined in order to identify the outcomes or goals that needs to be met along with having the measurement of the time frames, resources, etc that will be required in the process of meeting these collectively set goals (Morton et al 2015). Thus having the measurements and the marked outcomes is very important part of the planning process. As the planning will involve various strategies to encourage and increase the participation from the indigenous groups thus the measurement metrics like timeframe, etc is important in evaluating success of the plan in meeting the goals (Greg et al, 2012). While planning, the various stakeholders may involve in establishment of the outcomes or goals and the measurements collectively and in an agreed manner. All the government agencies, community participants, service providers etc must reach an agreement on outcomes and measurement metrics (Moule, 2012).

As the planning is being done in order to have good impacts and well being of the people from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities thus they must be actively involved in the process. Also there are various stakeholders involved in this process and most importantly the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander or the indigenous communities whose needs must be assessed before planning (Gough, 2011). Their participation must be ensured in order to gain the successful increment in their participation with the various services.

This planning in consultation with various stakeholders will help in the improvement of the access to health and education services to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. It will also help in acknowledgement of the indigenous cultures while also improving the acceptance of the various community services while also helping the self determination of these community members and provision of better employment opportunities for the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (Morton et al 2015).

ACTIVITY 11

The various services and the programs must be evaluated against the marked outcomes in order to revaluate the strategies developed in order to enhance the relationships with the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (Witte, 2010). If there is any issue in the existing strategies then the changes can be made in order to enhance the level of engagement with the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The service providers need to deliver the services that help in promoting the indigenous people and must be demonstrating the cultural sensitivity. Also they must be progressive towards solving any misconceptions or conflicts with particular groups in the community while also being concerned towards the regular review and improvisation of the strategies thus making it more ad easily accepted by the various cultures in the community (Monroe, 2016). Thus it is necessary that the services or organizations must involve in regular review of these measures in order to find out any problems or differences thus debarring its effective implementation.

Summative Assessments

ASSESSMENT 1

1. Cultural awareness means that the person should respect as well as explore the differences in the various cultures while also allowing the understanding of own cultural bias and values (Greg et al, 2012).

Cultural safety implies that the environment allow the people to have their own cultural beliefs and practices without any interference while also respecting and nurturing the uniqueness of the one’s cultural identity (Witte, 2010).

2. The legislations that apply to the cultural safety of the Aboriginal and Torres strait Islander people are:

a. Human rights

b. Non discriminatory procedures

c. Disabilities

d. Alcohol and drug abuse (Moule, 2012)

e. Cultural security

f. Violence particularly of Domestic nature

g. Employment opportunities (Gough, 2011)

h. Community services provision

3. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have variety of distinct groups with little changes in customs, stories, histories, languages, cultural practices and they are quite isolated from the mainstream (Morton et al 2015). The service providers must be capable of identification of these differences in the indigenous populations and must involve the elders of these respective groups in the planning of the service provisions and the delivery by making policies and systems in this direction.

4. The historical and the current factors includes the following:

a. Educational levels

b. Kinship ties

c. Laws

d. Rights of land

e. Mabo (Gough, 2011)

f. Discriminatory procedures

g. Stolen generation

h. Poverty

i. Unemployment

j. Access to technology (Monroe, 2016)

k. Ongoing plight

l. Access to resources

m. Ill health

n. Transportation access and issues (Moule, 2012)

o. Reluctance to visit the community service organizations

5. The various factors that are contributing to the poor health in the Aboriginal and Torres strait Islander people or the Indigenous communities are:

a. As the indigenous groups live outside the main societies in the remote areas thus the communication with them is all the more difficult (Monroe, 2016)

b. Poor availability of the maternity health support and other facilities

c. The prevalence of the poverty and the high rates of the unemployment thus contributing to their poor health (Greg et al, 2012)

d. Poor nutrition among the indigenous people which is somewhat due to poverty is also contributing to poor health

e. The feelings of the losses and the grievance over the losses of cultural identity and land ownerships (Staton et al, 2009)

f. The formation of the stolen generation and the consequent loss of the family or kinship ties amongst the Aboriginal and Torres strait Islander people

g. The history of the Aboriginal and Torres strait Islander people is contributing to their poor health and situation

h. Feelings of being culturally unsafe and vulnerable (Morton et al 2015)

i. Environment including water supply, sewerage, house facilities etc

j. Aboriginal and Torres strait Islander people are Seeking treatment only when the issue is serious is also contributing

6. Increased access to the health and community services can be encouraged as through:

a. Involving the Aboriginal and Torres strait Islander people in the planning and delivery of the services (Gough, 2011)

b. Focusing on the fair allocation of relevant resources

c. Focusing on the data collection and involving in analysis in order to increase the participation of the Aboriginal and Torres strait Islander people (Monroe, 2016)

d. Promoting the improvement of the communication methods

e. Providing training sessions for the Aboriginal and Torres strait Islander people in order to help them gain employment

f. Developing trustful relationships with the various community groups (Moule, 2012)

ASSESSMENT 2

PROJECT 1

Ever since the entry of the Anglo European people in Australia, the indigenous people at Australia which includes the Aboriginal and the Torres Islander communities, had to face hostile conditions including violence, lack of participation in the societies, lack of access to services, poverty unemployment brutalities and the discrimination (Witte, 2010). The colonizers took away their land and ownership controls and they also prevented the Aboriginal and the Torres Islander communities from practicing of their cultures which consist of unique dreamtime stories, languages and even their traditions and rituals. The children of the Aboriginal and the Torres Islander communities were forcible taken away from them by these colonizers a Australia in order to reduce their populations and this led to the formation of the Stolen Generation which had to face the brutalities and hostile living conditions as the Aboriginal and the Torres Islander communities (Gough, 2011). The history and the plight of these indigenous people in the past had impacted their present as the feelings of loss, grievance and discrimination are still a part of their lives at present. The prevalence of poverty, unemployment, improper nutrition and poor health is the present situation of these Aboriginal and the Torres Islander communities. Due to their unique cultural practices their culture is still not being completely accepted completely by the service providers and also they are reluctant to access the health and other community services owing to discrimination against their cultures. This is further contributing to their poor health, education and unemployment thus making their lives even more miserable (Moule, 2012).

The organization must be keen to identify and access how the cultural factors and the diversity may impact on the organization all the more as Australia is land to variety of cultures (Greg et al, 2012). The health and the service organizations must involve in the close observation of the culture and the practices of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and must involve in the researching about their culture and practices including the dreamtime stories, languages spoken, health status of the community, festivals, books, rituals followed by the community, art forms and music etc and must allow due respect for the diversity in the cultures (Morton et al 2015).

The health and other service provider organizations may involve in collaborative trust based and respectful relationships with the people of the community through showing due respect for their culture and involving them in the events in the organization or putting up displays of their art forms and flags at the premises (Staton et al 2009). These organizations can call up community members for interactions as the elders from the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community as they are given high regard in their cultures and may involve in having sound involvement of these members in the planning and development of the service provisions suiting to their community in order to allow higher engagement of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with the organization.

It is necessary for the heath service staff to demonstrate the knowledge of the various cultures, languages, etc along with the religions and other practices in the various indigenous groups so as to show the concern and the understanding of the client needs (Greg et al, 2012). Increased access to the health and community services can be encouraged as through use of the following strategies in the organizations as involving the Aboriginal and Torres strait Islander people in the planning and delivery of the services, focusing on the fair allocation of relevant resources, focusing on the data collection and involving in analysis in order to increase the participation of the Aboriginal and Torres strait Islander people, promoting the improvement of the communication methods, providing training sessions for the Aboriginal and Torres strait Islander people in order to help them gain employment and developing trustful relationships with the various community groups (Chamberlain et al, 2015)

The various resources that will help the service provider organizations to work effectively in the cross cultural environment may include the cultural training providing organizations such as TAFE. Resources linked to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people may include the following as Council of Aboriginal Reconciliation, Australian Indigenous health services, Commonwealth department for health , Electronic networks allowing sharing of knowledge about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, Language related services and interpreters, Community websites providing information about the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, Cultural awareness services, Office for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health, Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander website and Australian indigenous health Information network (Morton et al 2015).

The providers of the various services need to take in to account the development of the awareness about the self cultural biases and work towards it (Morton et al 2015). The organizations must involve in the assessment of the own cultural views as being an influential factor in the interaction with the clients and others stakeholders from the different cultures. This will help the organization in understanding and respecting of the differences among the various cultures and this will have a huge impact of their public image and the level of the engagement with the various community people (Moule, 2012). Through allowing the cultural training to the staff these organizations such as the health services providers can be benefitted through gaining a clarity on the own cultural constructs and the other cultures in the vicinity. As the Australia and almost every nation is home to people from various cultures thus the organizations and staff must work towards respecting the diversity and development of the policies and strategies to increase their level of engagement with the community members (Mick, 2010). Also the work practices must be based on the grounds of understanding and being aware of the self view of the own culture and other cultures as including the culture of the clients who will be using the services of the respective organization.

The identification of the communication issues may be based on the observation and the understanding of the individuals from a particular community and their cultural practices, customs, language, etc (Morton et al 2015). Also the consultation with the community members such as elders particularly in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities may help in understanding of communication issues. As the multicultural communication is based on the knowledge of the communicators about other’s cultures and their willingness to identify the possible issues with communication (Monroe, 2016)

As the service provider need to interact with families coming from diverse background thus the educators must make use of the interpreters rather than allowing miscommunications and this is made possible by analyzing root issues or problems in communication (Greg et al, 2012). The communication barriers with the people from different culture can be removed by the organization as through involving in cross cultural trainings of the employees in which various external training providing organizations may help. This will help the organization to plan services as per the specific culture and needs of the children and families from a particular culture (Gough, 2011). This helps in maintenance of good and collaborative relationships with the members of the community as in case of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and ensuring their participation and engagement (Witte, 2010).

These service provider organizations may make of the appropriate communication strategies for a culturally safe environment as avoiding questioning or communication that leads to shame feeling respecting their privacy, learning their culture and language, making use of cultural brokers and interpreters, being honest to them, making use of language that is understood by the relevant community members to which client belong, not allowing humor in communication as may be inappropriate, communicating as per protocols and cultural customs while also respecting the differences among the community members (Morton et al 2015).

The workplace relationships with the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander coworkers include the lack of appreciation from the other workers about the historical losses, discriminatory behaviors and grievance faced by these people (Thomson, 2011). The members of other community or non indigenous staff are not able to understand the plight that had been faced and is still being faced by the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and its impact on their access to health services in community, gaining of employment in the organizations, education and other services in community (Gough, 2011).

The organizations that show the occurrence of the culturally safe environment for the Australian Indigenous people and promoting their participations are very few thus there is a lack of the culturally appropriate services (Rathie, 2007). The organizations must allow the training to both the indigenous and non indigenous employees while making use of the cultural interpreters and brokers when working with indigenous people as this is a part of the Duty of Care requirement to allow the health care services that yield customer satisfaction of needs (Staton e al, 2009).

Cultural safety means that the service must not act in such a manner or say something that make a person or client from a particular cultural group ashamed or defamed and must make use of the language and the attitudes that pay due respect to the culturally diverse groups. Also the services must help the client in seeking care based on their cultural preferences through respecting and building positive relationships with them (Moule, 2012). The client or the people must feel safe in reflecting upon their culture and its practices as through the development of the culturally competent environment and services (Witte, 2010).

In order to promote the self determination of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, the various strategies may be used such as allowing the controlling power of the health services and other programs, cross cultural and competencies training among the employees of the service organizations to allow respect to indigenous cultures, allowing services in the indigenous languages and allowing the access to funding and employment opportunities as to the non indigenous people (Gough, 2011).

Increased participation and the access to the health and community services can be encouraged as through involving the Aboriginal and Torres strait Islander people in the planning and delivery of the services, focusing on the fair allocation of relevant resources, focusing on the data collection and involving in analysis in order to increase the participation of the Aboriginal and Torres strait Islander people, promoting the improvement of the communication methods, providing training sessions for the Aboriginal and Torres strait Islander people in order to help them gain employment and developing trustful relationships with the various community groups.

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